The only x-ray that is taken without a precision(tm) x-ray holder. The x-ray film for this procedure is shaped like a large oatmeal cookie. You are asked to bite on the x-ray film and the top of the x-ray machine is positioned over your nose for a maxillary occlusal x-ray or under your chin for a mandibular occlusal film. The x- ray shows the whole arch.
An Oral Surgeon is a dentist with special hospital training (usually three more years) after dental school in the field of surgery in the head and neck area of the body including the mouth
An Orthodontist is a dentist who has had special training (usually two more years) after dental school in the field of occlusion (biting) and function (interaction of the teeth) of the human dentition.